مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 185 (هفته سوم اسفند 1394)

Although the complications of vaginal delivery and cesarean section have been known, but decision about best mode of delivery (vaginal delivery versus cesarean section) is still controversial from specialist's point of view and the woman experiencing labor. This study was performed with aim to determine mode of delivery and maternal outcomes in Sanandaj hospitals.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 5984 women referred to delivery section of Sanandaj hospitals for delivery from April 2012 to April 2013. Data collection instrument was a researcher made questionnaire including three parts: the first part included demographic characteristics of the subjects, the second part about the problems associated with current pregnancy, and third part included mode of delivery and maternal outcomes of delivery until discharge (bleeding, perineal laceration, rupture of cervix, abnormal placental attachment, receiving antibiotics, blood transfusion, hysterectomy, ICU admission and maternal death). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20), and chi-square test and Multiple logistic regression model. P
During the study, a total of 5984 deliveries were conducted in Sanandaj hospitals that among them, 3460 (57.82%) were vaginal and 2524 (42.18%) were cesarean section. There was a statistically significant association between mode of delivery and delivery outcomes such as severe hemorrhage, rupture of cervix, use of antibiotics and ICU admission (P=0.001).
In this study, complications such as bleeding, perineal laceration, rupture of the cervix, ICU admission and episiotomy were higher in vaginal delivery than cesarean section.

Nigella sativa is one of the plants traditionally used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea, but its effect on menstrual hemorrhage has not been reported. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to compare the effects of Nigella sativa and mefenamic acid on menstrual hemorrhage.
This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 students with primary dysmenorrhea who were resident dormitories of in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups of mefenamic acid and Nigella sativa. The research was conducted in two stages. At first, all the students were followed for two cycles in terms of bleeding, and then each of the patients randomly received Nigella sativa or mefenamic acid capsules for two consecutive cycles. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16), and independent t-test and Friedman test. P Mean bleeding before the intervention in nigella sativa group was 85.20 ±37.85 cc that increased to 85.62 ± 34.2 in the first and to 85.77 ± 31.81 in the second cycle of treatment. Mean bleeding before the intervention in mefenamic acid group was 83.77 ±38.31 and decreased to 78.05 ±32.66 in the first and to 76.85 ± 29.71 in the second cycle of treatment. Overall, two groups were not statistically significant in terms of bleeding in the first and second cycle of treatment (P Use of Nigella sativa can increase the amount of menstrual bleeding, but this increase was not significantly different with mefenamic acid.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexual transmitted infections worldwide; it is the main cause of cervical cancer in women aged 15-44 years. Since identifying the factors of HPV can be useful in prevention of this infection and cervical cancer, so this study was performed with aim to determine the incidence of Human Papilloma Virus infection and some relevant factors among women referring to Alzahra Therapeutic-Educational Center of Tabriz.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 221 women aged 15-50 years with vaginal infection referred to Gynecology section of Alzahra hospital in Tabriz-Iran, 2013-2014. Data was collected using the questionnaires including socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, knowledge about Human Papilloma Virus, and also the checklist of recording complaints, clinical symptoms and colposcopic evaluation (in the case of women who had treatment-refractory irritation and itching or warts in the genital area). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19), and independent t-test, chi-square and single and multiple logistic regression model. P
In this study, 46 patients (20.8%) had HPV confirmed by colposcopy and biopsy. Among the studied factors, only duration of marriage (P=0.023) and having second partner by husband (P=0.039) were significantly related to HPV. The mean of knowledge score was 12.04±3.9 from obtainable score of 0-20. There were no significant differences among the subjects with positive and negative HPV in terms of knowledge (P=0.936). Also, the incidence of HPV was two folds high in the women with marriage duration less than 10 years than the women with marriage duration more than 10 years.
Regarding to high incidence of HPV infection and moderate knowledge of participants about HPV infection in this research, it is essential to consider a comprehensive program to promote the knowledge of total high risk persons.